• For field decision making, such as for a specific analysis of existing data to determine how to proceed with the next phase of work. For example, analysis of grout take trends may be needed across a grout curtain to determine where to drill additional grout holes. • For specification compliance, including the need to quickly and transparently generate reports and as-built drawings for submission to the owner. • For fulfilling contractual obligations, including the requirement for a contractor to submit organized data in a specific format to the owner. • For pay-item reporting, to facilitate accurate, up-to-date tracking of con- structed entities and materials con- sumed on site (while generating and justifying invoice requests). Data Management Workflows Project needs are generally addressed through the design and development of basic workflows that allow data to be collected into a database and then served up from the database to models, analyses, visualizations, CAD and mapping systems. A standard workflow contains three basic categories of activities or objects: Inputs — data sources that are either typed into a spreadsheet or a form (i.e., entered by hand), generated from an instrument or produced from some existing process. Storage — the database and its com- ponents. This consists of a database (called an enterprise database if it is accessible over an intranet or the internet), the database management system (DBMS), which contains the tools and rules for working with data and the automation to facilitate populating a database and serving the data to the outputs, and potentially a document library, which can be a separate database optimized for handling documents. reports to analyze, visualize and interact with the data in the database. PIMS in Use Access and Outputs — tools such as The following three case studies from 2016 to 2019 apply each of the above PIMS elements in a basic, low-cost manner. Slurry Wall – Compression Ring — In this case study, Malcolm Drilling installed an 85 ft (25.9 m) deep, 60 ft (18.3 m) diameter access shaft for the Airport Access Shaft – Gravity Pipeline Project. This reinforced concrete slurry wall developed as part of the Silicon Valley Clean Water RESCU Program consists of eight slurry wall panels (three bites per panel), each excavated under ben- tonite slurry and connected to the next panel with watertight construction joints. The ver- ticality was confirmed using three ultrasonic verticality (koden) surveys per panel. A small PIMS was developed from December 2018 through April 2019 to capture the as-built excavation data, and to quickly generate drawings showing the excavation footprint and panel overlaps at any given depth. In this very simple system, the text files generated by the verticality surveys were uploaded to a shared access, web-based folder (using Dropbox), from which the files could be imported into a database that also contained spatial details on the layout and proposed verticality survey positions. This setup allowed verticality data to be immediately imported to the database, a panel report to be automatically generated as a PDF and downloaded by the contractor, and an as- built drawing to be automatically exported in AutoCAD format. PIMS-related figure generated of as-built panel footprint at a certain depth, compression ring layout and 3D model Cut-Off Wall — In this project, Typical PIMS workflow elements 90 • DEEP FOUNDATIONS • MAY/JUNE 2020 Treviicos South (TIS) is installing a diaphragm wall as part of the government- owned Herbert Hoover Dike Gap Closure project at Lake Okeechobee, Florida. This wall consists of three-bite primary panels overlapping one-bite secondary panels that reach depths of up to 80 ft (24.3 m). Bites are excavated with a clamshell and hydromill rig. Following each bite excavation, TIS personnel export tables containing the x and y deviations of the hydromill at several depth intervals, and then upload this file to a web-based PIMS dashboard provided as part of the system developed from January through June of 2019. TIS also enters some basic data about excavation date, comments, etc., into a web-based table. These hydromill data and the hand-entered tabular data are then combined into a printable report that TIS
