scope of dewatering analysis and design based on the level of hazard of the project, the proximity of sensitive structures to the dewatering site, the depth of excavation, and the type of dewatering and excavation techniques selected. Rapid dr awdown or f requent fluctuation of the groundwater level or loss of fine-grained soil due to dewatering causes serious settlement and even structural damage to nearby structures. These issues are amplified if natural ground has soluble zones (e.g., halite or salt layers) or if manmade fill is not placed and compacted properly. Consequently, the ADM scrutinizes each dewatering permit application, and, therefore, adequate time should be reserved in the construction schedule for dewatering permit application and approval. The ADM has a state-of-the-art, internet-based dewatering permit appli- cation system as a part of its construction permitting system. The dewatering applica- tions are divided into two main categories: (1) building projects of any size and (2) infrastructure projects, such as roads, pipelines, trenches and any kind of excavation that will require discharge of water, which may change the groundwater regime. It is not uncommon that the installation of instrumentation to monitor discharge of the water may be requested during the review process. Acknowledgements The authors appreciate the support of the ADM Town Planning Sector and the ADM Spatial Data Division, and the cooperation of all agencies that provided assistance and contributed data to complete this study. M. Melih Demirkan, Ph.D., P.E., is principal of geodynamics at RIZZO Associates, which provides site characterization for new and existing nuclear power plants, engineering analysis for dam and water resources structures, and regional risk assessments for geohazards. Juan Gutierrez, Ph.D., P.E., is a senior engineer with RIZZO Associates. His experi- ence includes soil-structure interaction, soil retaining structures and slope stability, water seepage, rock mechanics, and numerical methods applied to geotechnical problems along with various software programs. Raghav S. Ramanathan is senior staff engineer with Langan Engineering & Environ- mental Services. His experience includes geohazard mapping, GIS, data and database management, and nuclear power plant site assessments including settlement, slope stability and liquefaction analysis. DEEP FOUNDATIONS • MAY/JUNE 2017 • 103
